1. Technical Performance of the CLEVR Process

Gold Recovery and Ore Compatibility

Dundee Sustainable Technologies’ CLEVR Process is a cyanide-free gold extraction method that has demonstrated high recovery rates, even on refractory ores. In laboratory and pilot applications, CLEVR routinely achieves gold recoveries in excess of 90–95%(canadianminingjournal.com). It uses a mild sodium hypochlorite (bleach) leach with a catalytic amount of hypobromite under acidic conditions, dissolving gold rapidly – often within 1–2 hours, compared to 24–36 hours for conventional cyanide leaching(canadianminingjournal.com)(mining.com). The process operates at ambient temperature and pressure, and it can treat complex feed types (including sulphide-rich or arsenic-bearing ores) by integrating pre-oxidation steps (investmets.com)(canadianminingjournal.com). This makes CLEVR compatible with IBW’s volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore, where a large portion of gold is encapsulated in arsenopyrite (a refractory sulphide). At IBW’s La Romanera deposit, testwork showed that ~60% of the gold is tied up in arsenopyrite (emeritaresources.com). By incorporating thermal oxidation (roasting) of flotation tailings to break down sulphides, Emerita was able to liberate this gold for leaching. Early Phase II tests on La Romanera tailings showed gold recovery improving from ~45% with oxidation alone to ~62.7% when combining pyrolysis + oxidation + CLEVR leaching (emeritaresources.com). After further optimization (including an acid leach for base metals prior to CLEVR), gold recovery reached 81.5% – a 17% absolute increase over the ~64% baseline recovery used in IBW’s 2025 resource estimate (globenewswire.com)(longemo.com). These results confirm that CLEVR can significantly enhance gold extraction from IBW’s ore, which is rich in sulphides and precious metals.

Validation by Qualified Persons

The technical results of CLEVR testwork have been scrutinized and validated by independent professionals. Emerita’s Phase II and Phase III IBW metallurgical programs were conducted with oversight from Wardell Armstrong International (for flotation) and DST’s laboratory in Quebec for the CLEVR process (globenewswire.com). Emerita’s President (Joaquín Merino, P.Geo.) and Director of Metallurgy (Jorge Blanco, MChem.) – both Qualified Persons under NI 43-101 – reviewed and approved the reported CLEVR test results (globenewswire.com). Moreover, CLEVR’s efficacy has been acknowledged externally: Environment Canada’s Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program independently certified the process’s performance and eco-friendly nature (canadianminingjournal.com). The Canadian government awarded DST a C$5 million SDTC grant in 2012 to build and operate a demonstration plant, recognizing CLEVR as a “green technology” (canadianminingjournal.com). These validations indicate that CLEVR’s technical claims (high gold recoveries, short leach times, and benign residues) have been vetted by experts and regulatory bodies.

Key Advantages

CLEVR’s fast kinetics and strong leaching power enable recovery of gold that might remain unrecovered under conventional methods. It has been shown to handle refractory ores effectively when paired with pre-treatments. For example, oxidative thermal treatment of tailings from ESGold’s Montauban project (a legacy tailings with sulphide content ~29%) reduced sulphides to 0.48%, and subsequent CLEVR leaching achieved > 90.9% gold recovery in just 1 hour (investmets.com)(investmets.com). Similarly at IBW, CLEVR’s two-stage implementation (flotation then oxidative leach) not only boosted gold recovery above 80%, but also proved capable of extracting residual base metals (∼80% Zn and Cu recovery from the oxidized tailings) (globenewswire.com). These results underscore CLEVR’s robust technical performance across different ore types, including the polymetallic, sulphide-rich ores of the Iberian Pyrite Belt.

2. Commercial Scalability and Deployments

Pilot Projects and Partnerships

While CLEVR is a relatively new technology, it is progressing from laboratory success to pilot and commercial trials. Dundee Sustainable Technologies (DST) has operated a demonstration plant (15 tonnes per day concentrate capacity) to prove the process at continuous pilot scale (canadianminingjournal.com). More recently, DST has partnered with several mining companies to integrate CLEVR. Notably, the world’s largest gold miner Newmont Corporation entered a licensing agreement with DST to test and apply CLEVR on Newmont’s projects (mining.com)(thenewswire.com). Following successful lab tests in 2020, Newmont’s technical teams have been evaluating CLEVR on various ore samples under a technology transfer agreement (thenewswire.com)(thenewswire.com). This collaboration with a top-tier gold producer is a strong endorsement of CLEVR’s commercial potential, indicating industry interest at the highest level.

Another partnership is with ESGold Corp. , which is working with DST to implement CLEVR at the Montauban project in Quebec. Montauban involves reprocessing gold-silver tailings, and serves as a pilot site to showcase CLEVR’s scalability (canadianminingjournal.com)(canadianminingjournal.com). As of late 2024, four bulk tests were planned and the milling circuit was being upgraded to integrate CLEVR, aiming for a startup in Q2 2025 (canadianminingjournal.com). Early results were promising: CLEVR delivered over 90% gold and strong silver recoveries on a tailings sample, leading ESGold to consider including the process in the project flowsheet (investmets.com)(investmets.com). Montauban is fully permitted and positioned as a demonstration of CLEVR at commercial scale , potentially one of the first real-world deployments of the technology. The project’s success is intended to showcase a scalable, sustainable solution that can be replicated at other sites (canadianminingjournal.com).

Scalability

CLEVR is designed to be scalable to full mining operations. DST emphasizes that the process can be applied in a plant handling thousands of tonnes per day, either as a direct ore leaching circuit or as a post-flotation treatment stage. In a sponsored Mining.com piece, DST noted that in a 10,000 tonnes-per-day operation, CLEVR’s processing cost would be on the order of $20 per tonne – competitive with conventional cyanidation costs (mining.com). The process’s fast reaction kinetics (hours instead of days) mean smaller leach reactors and higher throughput for a given plant footprint (canadianminingjournal.com). Additionally, the closed-loop reagent cycle reduces consumable needs (reagents are recycled) and simplifies waste handling, which can ease scale-up. CLEVR can also utilize seawater or industrial water, an advantage for arid or remote sites (mining.com). These factors suggest that CLEVR can be engineered for large-scale projects without prohibitive cost or complexity.

Current Status

It’s important to note that as of mid-2025, CLEVR is in the late-development to early-commercial stage. It has not yet seen a long-term full-scale commercial operation , but multiple pilots and feasibility-level studies are underway. Emerita’s IBW project could become one of the early adopters if the project advances to production. The ongoing IBW metallurgical program with CLEVR is effectively a large pilot proving the process on IBW ore. The positive results (Phase III/IV tests reaching ~81–82% Au recovery) are being fed into engineering studies for the project (mining.com). In summary, CLEVR’s scalability is being actively demonstrated through partnerships: Newmont’s lab-scale adoption, ESGold’s pilot plant, and Emerita’s project integration all point to a technology moving toward commercial viability. No major hurdles in scaling have been reported so far, aside from the normal steps of engineering design and economic analysis. DST’s president and CEO has expressed confidence that these collaborations will “set new benchmarks for profitable and sustainable resource recovery” as CLEVR is scaled up (mining.com).

3. Financial Viability: Costs and Economics

Capital and Operating Costs

Preliminary indications are that CLEVR can achieve comparable or lower costs than conventional cyanide leaching, especially when considering the full lifecycle and environmental management expenses. The CLEVR process operates at ambient conditions and achieves leaching in a fraction of the time, which can translate to smaller equipment and lower energy usage. According to DST, the closed-loop system eliminates the need for a tailings pond , which can significantly reduce capital expenditures and long-term liability costs (mining.com). Reagents like sodium hypochlorite are used in catalytic amounts and are recycled, so consumable costs are controlled. DST reports that in a large-scale application (~10k tpd), processing costs on the order of $20/tonne are achievable with CLEVR, which is “competitive with traditional processes” (mining.com). This figure would encompass reagents and operating costs for the leach circuit. For comparison, conventional cyanide leaching circuits (including cyanide, detoxification, etc.) often fall in a similar range, though exact costs depend on reagent consumption and required infrastructure (e.g. lined tailings facilities, detox plants). By avoiding cyanide destruction systems and reducing environmental control measures, CLEVR could save costs in those areas.

It’s worth noting that implementing CLEVR on refractory ore involves additional steps (like thermal oxidation or roasting) that also carry costs. However, this is not unique to CLEVR – any process aiming to recover gold from arsenopyrite or pyrite concentrates would need oxidation (e.g. roasting or pressure oxidation) before cyanidation as well. In Emerita’s case, the IBW flowsheet envisions a roast/oxidation of the flotation tailings to remove sulphides and arsenic, followed by acid leaching and CLEVR (emeritaresources.com)(globenewswire.com). The incremental cost of CLEVR reagents would be weighed against the cost of cyanide and cyanide detox in a traditional circuit. Importantly, CLEVR’s ability to rapidly leach gold (in ~1 hour) can improve throughput and reduce in-process inventory , which has positive financial implications (smaller tanks, quicker revenue turn-over) (canadianminingjournal.com). DST also highlights that reduced environmental liabilities (no toxic effluent, dry inert residue) lower the long-term costs for tailings management and mine closure (canadianminingjournal.com).

Profitability Implications

For Emerita’s IBW project, the adoption of CLEVR is projected to have a significant positive impact on economics primarily by lifting gold recovery. Gold is a high-value component of IBW’s polymetallic resource, so improving its recovery boosts revenue disproportionately. The Phase III results indicated an increase of roughly 159,000 ounces of recoverable gold at IBW (over the life of the project) when using the optimized two-stage process versus previous assumptions (globenewswire.com). At current gold prices, this represents on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars in additional gross revenue, directly enhancing the project’s NPV and IRR. Joaquin Merino (Emerita’s President) stated that this recovery gain “would represent an important margin improvement to the IBW Project” (globenewswire.com). In other words, even if the CLEVR+oxidation circuit adds some operating cost, the value of extra gold produced is expected to outweigh it.

Furthermore, CLEVR could allow Emerita to produce gold dore on site (since the gold is leached into solution and can be recovered by electrowinning or other means). In their testing updates, Emerita mentioned the possibility of generating a gold-rich product or even producing dore bars at site given the relatively low volume of material involved (emeritaresources.com). This could eliminate the need to sell a low-payable gold concentrate or incur penalties, thereby capturing more value per ounce. By contrast, without CLEVR, much of IBW’s gold would remain in tailings or in concentrates sold for smelting (with only partial payability). The improved metallurgical performance has already increased the calculated gold-equivalent grade of the deposits by ~35% (from ~3.3 g/t AuEq to ~4.5 g/t AuEq in the updated 2025 resource) (longemo.com). Higher recovered grades improve the project’s projected revenues and shorten payback periods.

It’s also notable that permitting and ESG benefits (discussed below) can indirectly translate to financial benefits: a smoother permitting process and avoidance of potential cyanide-related project delays or shutdown risks protect the project timeline and reduce risk discounting by investors. Additionally, by producing an inert, non-acid-generating tailings, Emerita could save on long-term water treatment and remediation costs. The CLEVR process effectively “pre-treats” the tailings by removing ~98% of sulphides and 90% of arsenic, which cuts the volume of acid-generating waste by half (globenewswire.com). This may allow for dry stacking of tailings and reduce the scale (and cost) of tailings storage facilities. In summary, while detailed cost figures will be confirmed in IBW’s upcoming economic study, current indicators suggest CLEVR can be financially viable or even advantageous, especially when the value of increased gold recovery and lowered environmental risk are accounted for.

4. Regulatory and ESG Positioning

One of the strongest arguments in favor of the CLEVR Process is its alignment with stringent environmental standards and the resulting permitting advantages. The process uses no cyanide and generates no toxic liquid effluent , which is a major relief in jurisdictions like Europe that are highly sensitive to cyanide use in mining. (The European Parliament in 2010 urged a ban on cyanide in mining, and several EU countries – e.g. Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary – have bans or severe restrictions in place (en.wikipedia.org)(en.wikipedia.org).) Spain does not have an outright cyanide ban at the national level, but any project proposing cyanide leaching would face intense scrutiny and public concern. By choosing a cyanide-free process, Emerita is effectively sidestepping this contentious issue. Emerita explicitly notes that CLEVR is “cyanide-free, aligning with European Union environmental regulations” and positions IBW as a potential “green mine” leader in the region (longemo.com). This positioning is likely to resonate with both regulators and local communities in Andalusia, who are mindful of mining’s environmental legacy.

Permitting and Compliance

Without cyanide in the circuit, IBW’s Environmental Impact Assessment can focus on mitigable impacts like waste rock, water management, and dust, without the specter of a cyanide heap or tailings leak. CLEVR’s residues are described as inert, stable, and non-acid-generating (canadianminingjournal.com)(globenewswire.com). Indeed, by removing sulphide minerals and arsenic, the process essentially detoxifies the tailings from an acid mine drainage perspective. In IBW’s test results, the CLEVR two-stage process achieved a 97.8% reduction in sulphide content and 90% removal of arsenic from the tailings (globenewswire.com). This means the remaining tailings are far less likely to leach heavy metals or acidity into the environment – a key factor for obtaining permits in a water-sensitive and agricultural region. The waste volume is also reduced (roughly half the original mass), enabling easier handling and storage (globenewswire.com). Emerita’s plan would likely involve a dry-stack tailings facility with this inert material, avoiding the need for a large wet tailings dam. Such a design is intrinsically safer and more acceptable post-Aznalcóllar (the infamous 1998 tailings dam failure in Andalusia).

From a regulatory compliance standpoint, CLEVR could simplify meeting EU directives such as the Mine Waste Directive, Water Framework Directive, and Industrial Emissions standards, since cyanide detoxification and long-term cyanide monitoring would be off the table. It may also align with Spain’s Royal Decrees on toxic and hazardous waste by eliminating cyanide-laden slurry. Emerita’s messaging underscores that their “vision for the IBW Project is a mining project that adheres to the highest environmental standards” (globenewswire.com). Using CLEVR is a cornerstone of that vision. The company has even garnered support from regional authorities: the Andalusian government declared IBW a Project of Strategic Interest in 2024, which streamlines its permitting path (longemo.com)(longemo.com). While this designation is largely due to the project’s economic importance and critical metals output, the fact that IBW plans to deploy innovative green processing technologies (like CLEVR) likely strengthens its case as a modern, responsible operation.

ESG Benefits

In addition to regulatory ease, CLEVR offers broad ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) benefits. Environmentally, it reduces the project’s footprint: no cyanide transport or storage on site (eliminating the risk of spills into local rivers), significantly less risk of catastrophic tailings failure due to dry inert residues, and lower greenhouse gas emissions from shorter processing times (tanks operate for hours instead of days). Socially, a cyanide-free operation may face less community opposition – an important consideration in a region with agricultural interests and a tourism industry not far away. It can also be a point of pride for local stakeholders that their mine uses cutting-edge clean technology. For governance and corporate responsibility, Emerita can align with increasing investor expectations for sustainability. The European Union is moving toward stricter sustainable finance criteria; a project that avoids toxic reagents and minimizes legacy pollution is better positioned under ESG investment screens.

In summary, CLEVR provides permitting leverage and ESG credentials that conventional cyanide processes lack. It aligns with EU’s precautionary approach to hazardous chemicals and can help Emerita secure the social license to operate. The company’s use of CLEVR could make IBW one of the first significant European mining projects to completely eliminate cyanide, setting a benchmark for future projects. This could expedite approvals and potentially qualify the project for green funding or incentives under EU programs (e.g. Horizon Europe or raw materials innovation grants). Emerita’s partnership with DST on CLEVR thus not only solves a metallurgical problem (gold recovery) but also strategically positions IBW as an environmentally-forward development in the Iberian Pyrite Belt.

5. Emerita’s Integration of CLEVR at IBW – Public Statements and Plans

Emerita Resources has been transparent and proactive about exploring CLEVR for the Iberian Belt West project. The company began metallurgical testing with DST’s CLEVR Process in 2024 as part of a comprehensive program to optimize metal recoveries at the project’s three deposits (La Romanera, La Infanta, and El Cura). Key public communications include:

Phase I Metallurgical Results (June 11, 2024)

Emerita’s initial testing focused on producing saleable copper, lead, and zinc concentrates via flotation. Gold and silver recoveries in Phase I were modest (around 17% Au and 49% Ag in flotation products) (globenewswire.com)(globenewswire.com), but diagnostic leaching indicated a potential to more than double gold recovery with further treatment (globenewswire.com). Emerita identified that much of the gold was locked in arsenopyrite and outlined a plan for Phase II to target >60% gold recovery, including differential flotation of arsenopyrite and testing of the CLEVR leaching process(globenewswire.com)(globenewswire.com).

Phase II Program and CLEVR Testing (Oct 31, 2024)

In a news release, Emerita provided results of Phase II and explicitly discussed the CLEVR Process trials. The company engaged DST (Quebec) to test CLEVR on La Romanera flotation tailings (emeritaresources.com). Three sequential tests were described: (1) Oxidation + CLEVR, yielding 45.2% gold recovery; (2) Pyrolysis + Oxidation + CLEVR, yielding 62.7%; and (3) Pyrolysis + Oxidation + Acid Leaching + CLEVR (results pending at that time) (emeritaresources.com). CEO David Gower highlighted the “significant potential value” of IBW’s gold and praised the metallurgy team for “evaluating available technologies” to unlock that value (emeritaresources.com). He indicated that if volumes were small, they might even consider on-site treatment to produce dore, underscoring plans to integrate CLEVR into the project’s flow sheet (emeritaresources.com). This release confirmed publicly that Emerita was serious about a non-cyanide solution, stating “CLEVR™ is a non-cyanide leaching gold process that the Company has been evaluating…” (emeritaresources.com). It also noted the environmental upside: “A non-cyanide leaching process is a more environmentally friendly option. Emerita’s vision for the IBW Project is a mining project that adheres to the highest environmental standards.” (globenewswire.com).

Optimization Success – Improved Recoveries (May 27, 2025)

Emerita announced a breakthrough in gold recovery after completing the Phase III/IV optimization with DST’s CLEVR process (globenewswire.com). The headline result was 81.5% gold recovery at La Romanera , a 27% improvement over prior tests and far above the 64.1% used in the NI 43-101 resource estimate (globenewswire.com). A two-stage process (post-flotation) was finalized for IBW: conventional base metal flotation followed by CLEVR leaching of the tails. The press release provided a comparison table of recoveries (Zn, Cu, Au) before and after CLEVR optimization, and it showed similar ~81% Au recovery for the El Cura deposit (by extrapolation) (globenewswire.com). Emerita emphasized that this new flow sheet “maximizes base and precious metals recoveries while minimizing waste” and reiterated the advantages of CLEVR as “non-cyanide… environment-friendly” , pursued in line with Emerita’s high environmental standards (globenewswire.com). Critically, the release reported the environmental benefits achieved: nearly complete sulphide destruction and arsenic removal in the CLEVR process, leading to an inert tailing and roughly 50% reduction in waste volume (globenewswire.com). Emerita’s President, Joaquin Merino (a QP), was quoted highlighting the “dramatic improvement in gold recovery” and estimating the impact as an additional 159k oz of gold recovered over the mine life (globenewswire.com). This clearly signaled the economic importance and the intention to carry these results into upcoming economic studies.

Corporate Presentations and Filings

Emerita’s investor materials and regulatory filings have also acknowledged CLEVR. For instance, the company’s MD&A and the 2025 NI 43-101 Technical Report (resource update) discuss the CLEVR process testing. The NI 43-101 report notes that CLEVR is currently uncommercialized and will require further testwork and ideally a scoping study before full adoption (emeritaresources.com). This cautious language is typical for a technical report, but it confirms Emerita is considering CLEVR in its development plans. Investor presentations (early 2025) touted the >80% gold recovery via cyanide-free leaching as a major project enhancement, shifting IBW’s revenue mix more toward gold (longemo.com). They also highlight that CLEVR aligns with EU green mining objectives, which is a strategic selling point for the project (longemo.com).

In summary, Emerita has publicly confirmed its exploration and enthusiasm for using the CLEVR Process at IBW. The collaboration with DST has been fruitful, yielding concrete improvements that Emerita plans to carry into a Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) expected by late 2025. All signs from press releases and corporate communications indicate that Emerita intends to integrate CLEVR into the IBW project’s design to recover gold in an eco-friendly manner. This integration is subject of course to final economic analysis, but given the strong metallurgical results and Emerita’s commitment to “highest environmental standards,” it is likely to be a cornerstone of the project’s development plan. The company’s public statements, backed by Qualified Person oversight, show a high degree of confidence in CLEVR’s viability for IBW.

Comparison of CLEVR vs. Traditional Cyanide Leaching

To summarize the differences between Dundee’s CLEVR Process™ and conventional cyanide-based gold extraction, the following table highlights key aspects:

Aspect CLEVR Process™ (DST) Conventional Cyanide Leaching
Reagent Chemistry Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) with catalytic NaOBr, in acidic closed-loop circuit – no cyanide (mining.com)(globenewswire.com). All reagents are recycled internally. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) in alkaline solution (CIP/CIL or heap). Toxic reagent requiring careful handling; detoxification of effluent (e.g. SO₂/air or H₂O₂ treatment) is needed before disposal.
Gold Recovery Rate Typically high: > 90% recovery routinely achieved in lab/pilot tests (canadianminingjournal.com). In optimized cases, ~95%+ extraction is possible (with appropriate pre-treatment for refractory ores) (canadianminingjournal.com). At IBW (refractory VMS ore), ~81–82% Au recovery was obtained after incorporating oxidation + CLEVR (globenewswire.com). High for free-milling ore (often 85–95% of gold can be recovered). Refractory ores require oxidation (roasting, autoclave, etc.) to achieve comparable recoveries. Without such pre-treatments, cyanidation yields on refractory ore can be much lower (e.g. <50%).
Leach Time Fast kinetics: ~1–2 hours to leach gold in vat reactors (canadianminingjournal.com). CLEVR’s reaction is rapid, significantly cutting processing time and tank residence time. (E.g., DST reported ~2 hours vs 24–36 hours for cyanide (canadianminingjournal.com).) Slower kinetics: ~24 to 48 hours is typical for gold leaching in agitated tanks with cyanide (canadianminingjournal.com). Heap leaching can take weeks. Longer residence time means larger tanks or pad areas for equivalent throughput.
Process Conditions Ambient temperature and pressure leaching (mining.com). Often used post-oxidation for refractory material (which may involve high-temp processing in a separate step). Closed-loop system recirculates reagents; operates as a contained circuit. Usually ambient temperature for tank leach; may require heating for certain ores or pressure (in autoclave oxidation stage, not in cyanide stage itself). Open-circuit for cyanide – reagents are consumed and require detox at discharge.
Environmental Impact No cyanide or toxic effluent generated (canadianminingjournal.com). Residues are inert and non-acid-generating , suitable for dry stacking (canadianminingjournal.com)(globenewswire.com). No tailings pond required (solid filtered tailings) (canadianminingjournal.com). Arsenic can be removed and stabilized (e.g., via GlassLock vitrification if needed) (canadianminingjournal.com). Strong ESG profile: aligns with strict EU standards, avoids hazardous chemical accidents and long-term contamination. Cyanide-bearing tailings are toxic to wildlife and require secure tailings storage facilities and monitoring. Risk of spills (e.g., Baia Mare 2000) and need for perpetual water treatment if tailings generate acid or contain dissolved metals. Cyanide degradation forms (like weak acid dissociable cyanide) must be managed. Arsenic, if present, must be handled separately (e.g., precipitated as scorodite or stored, as cyanide does not eliminate arsenic hazards). Overall, heavier regulatory scrutiny and higher remediation burden.
Regulatory Permitting Generally more favorable: Not subject to cyanide bans or special cyanide permit requirements. Likely to expedite permitting in regions sensitive to cyanide (e.g., Europe) (longemo.com). Fewer community objections expected due to perceived “clean” technology. Recognized as a “green” technology by government agencies (e.g., Canada’s ETV certification) (canadianminingjournal.com). Often faces public and regulatory hurdles, especially in jurisdictions considering or enforcing cyanide bans. Stricter regulations on cyanide transport, usage, and emergency planning are applied. Permitting can be contentious in communities; some projects have been blocked or delayed due to cyanide concerns.
Operating Cost Competitive costs with potential savings: DST indicates ~$20/tonne in a large-scale operation (mining.com), similar to conventional costs. Fast leach and no need for tailings detox/maintenance can reduce operational and closure costs. Reagent costs (bleach) offset by recycling and elimination of cyanide detox reagents. Overall, CLEVR is touted to have “low capital and operating costs” and be highly profitable in use (canadianminingjournal.com). Cyanide itself is relatively inexpensive per tonne of ore (<$5/t in many cases), but additional costs come from tailings management (lining, water treatment) and detoxification systems. Long leach times mean larger equipment (higher capex). Additionally, the necessity of a tailings dam and water treatment plant adds capital and operating costs over the life of mine. In jurisdictions requiring detox to ppb levels or cyanide destruction, costs increase.
Commercial Readiness Emerging : Successfully demonstrated at pilot scale; being tested or implemented in initial projects (e.g., Montauban tailings, IBW project) (canadianminingjournal.com)(globenewswire.com). Backed by partnerships with major companies (Newmont, etc.) to advance adoption (mining.com). Full-scale commercial reference is pending (expected within the next couple of years as pilot projects conclude). Established : Over 100 years of industrial use in gold mining worldwide. Widely understood and deployed at scales from small plants to super-large (tens of thousands of tpd). Dozens of commercial examples across continents. However, faces growing regulatory and social challenges due to environmental risks.

Sources: Key data compiled from Dundee Sustainable Technologies publications and industry case studies (canadianminingjournal.com)(mining.com)(globenewswire.com), Emerita Resources IBW metallurgical results (globenewswire.com)(globenewswire.com), and industry benchmarks. The comparison illustrates that CLEVR offers a viable alternative with strong environmental advantages and comparable technical performance to cyanide leaching. It is on the cusp of broader commercial deployment, whereas cyanide is the traditional standard with well-known drawbacks.

Conclusion

The CLEVR Process™ developed by Dundee Sustainable Technologies appears to be a viable and attractive processing option for Emerita Resources’ IBW project, considering all the evaluated aspects:

Technical Performance

CLEVR has proven capable of dramatically improving gold recoveries on IBW’s complex ore (from ~64% to over 80% Au recovery)globenewswire.com, while also allowing efficient base-metal recovery. It has shown it can handle the arsenic-rich, refractory material by incorporating a thermal oxidation step, effectively unlocking gold that conventional methods would leave behindemeritaresources.comglobenewswire.com. These results have been affirmed by Qualified Persons and external validations, lending confidence to the process’s efficacyglobenewswire.comcanadianminingjournal.com.

Commercial Scalability

Although still in the early adoption phase, CLEVR is scaling up through pilot projects and partnerships. The involvement of a major like Newmontmining.com and the impending implementation at ESGold’s Montauban projectcanadianminingjournal.com demonstrate that the process can be applied beyond the lab. Emerita’s IBW could become one of the first full-scale mines to utilize CLEVR, leveraging DST’s demonstration work and engineering scale-up experience. No insurmountable scalability issues have emerged; on the contrary, faster processing and elimination of tailings ponds suggest it will fit well into a large-scale operation.

Financial Viability

Preliminary analyses point to CLEVR being cost-competitive with, if not superior to, cyanide circuits. Lower residence times and recycled reagents mean efficient operations , and the elimination of cyanide-related infrastructure can offset costs. For IBW, the economic upside of higher gold recovery is a game-changer – adding substantial ounces and revenue that greatly improve project economicsglobenewswire.com. Emerita’s management has indicated that the margin gains from CLEVR are significantglobenewswire.com. While detailed PFS-level cost modeling is still to come, current evidence suggests CLEVR can be integrated without harming, and likely improving, the project’s financial metrics.

Regulatory/ESG Alignment

CLEVR provides Emerita with a compelling narrative for permitting in Spain. A cyanide-free, environmentally friendly processing route aligns perfectly with EU and Spanish regulatory preferenceslongemo.com. It reduces environmental risks (no toxic tailings, no acid drainage) to a level rarely seen in base metal mining, positioning IBW as a flagship for sustainable mining in the EU. This should streamline the permitting process and engender support from stakeholders. Indeed, IBW’s designation as a Strategic Interest Project in Andalusia, combined with Emerita’s emphasis on using CLEVR, underscores the synergy between regulatory goals and the project’s designlongemo.comlongemo.com.

Emerita’s Commitment

Finally, Emerita’s public disclosures confirm that the company is actively pursuing CLEVR integration at IBW. They have invested in multi-phase metallurgical programs with DST, consistently communicated results (good and bad), and achieved breakthroughs that they are now incorporating into mine planningglobenewswire.comglobenewswire.com. The fact that Emerita has a Director of Metallurgy and is working with top-tier consultants (Wardell Armstrong, SRK, DST) indicates a serious approach to de-risking the processing route. The company’s vision of a high-environmental-standard project is clearly tied to making CLEVR a reality on siteglobenewswire.com.

In conclusion, the CLEVR Process™ is not only technically feasible for the IBW project, but it also offers compelling advantages in recovery, sustainability, and potentially economics. While it remains to be fully commercialized, the trajectory of test results and industry interest suggest that CLEVR could become a new standard, particularly for projects where cyanide is problematic. For Emerita’s IBW, CLEVR appears to be a key enabler in unlocking the value of the gold resource and achieving a development in line with modern ESG expectations. The viability looks strong across technical, commercial, financial, and regulatory dimensions, subject to final feasibility study confirmation. Emerita’s own updates and third-party analyses to date support the view that adopting CLEVR at IBW could yield a win-win: enhanced project profitability and a minimized environmental footprintglobenewswire.comglobenewswire.com.